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使用https和http/2

使用https

目前的网络环境极其恶劣,保持良好的网络文明是每个人的责任。采用https可以获取更高的安全性,可以避免被某些运营商修改。
废话了这么多,其实浏览器网址栏的绿色锁才是最终的动力 233333

pki 的概念

ca 的概念 (哈哈哈 wosign )

签名算法

openssl 生成密钥对及制作ca

使用lets encrypt 签名

使用http/2

nginx需要1.9.5版本以上
openssl需要1.0.2及以上版本

本来以为需要重新编译安装openssl,对于openssl这样的基本库自己编译还真没有把握以后不出问题(看gentoo升级openssl的时候会重新编译多少包就知道这东西的重要性了)
这里简要记录安装过程

  1. 下载nginx
  2. 下载openssl
  3. 编译nginx使用指定的openssl,以下是我的编译参数 注意需要 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-openssl
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    ./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --sbin-path=/usr/bin/nginx --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=stderr --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/client-body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --with-pcre-jit --with-file-aio --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-threads --with-ipv6 --with-openssl=/tmp/openssl-1.0.2j
    这里附录ubuntu的启动脚本 init.d/nginx
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#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/bin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]
then
PID=/run/nginx.pid
fi

# Check if the ULIMIT is set in /etc/default/nginx
if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
# Set the ulimits
ulimit $ULIMIT
fi

#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
|| return 2
}

test_nginx_config() {
$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}

#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"

sleep 1
return "$RETVAL"
}

#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}

#
# Rotate log files
#
do_rotate() {
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}

#
# Online upgrade nginx executable
#
# "Upgrading Executable on the Fly"
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
#
do_upgrade() {
# Return
# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
# 1 if nginx is not running
# 2 if the pid files were not created on time
# 3 if the old master could not be killed
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
return 2
fi
sleep 1
done
# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
return 0
else
return 3
fi
else
return 1
fi
}

case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart)
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"

# Check configuration before stopping nginx
if ! test_nginx_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit 0
fi

do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
reload|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

# Check configuration before reload nginx
#
# This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
# may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
# We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
# to the administrator.
if ! test_nginx_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit 0
fi

do_reload
log_end_msg $?
;;
configtest|testconfig)
log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
test_nginx_config
log_end_msg $?
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
upgrade)
log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
do_upgrade
log_end_msg 0
;;
rotate)
log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
do_rotate
log_end_msg $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac

目前这个版本nginx好像不支持http/2,so 等着吧